Echoes of the Nabontogan Bell: Folklore, Cultural Memory, and Identity in Catamlangan

Abstract

While folklore studies in the Philippines often focus on well documented epics, myths, and legends from widely recognized cultural groups, many localized narratives remain underexplored—especially those rooted in small, rural communities. The scarcity of scholarly attention to these micro-level oral traditions creates a gap in understanding how they function as living repositories of cultural memory and identity. In particular, the tales of the Nabontogan Bell—passed down quietly within the community of Catamlangan—have yet to be systematically studied despite their deep resonance in local consciousness. Addressing this gap, this study examines the Nabontogan Bell as a key element of Catamlangan’s cultural memory and identity. Rooted in the researcher’s personal journey and oral traditions passed down by family, the study examines how folklore preserves intergenerational memory and reflects shared values through a qualitative-ethnographic approach grounded in Sikolohiyang Pilipino—narratives from Brgy. Catamlangan, Pilar, Sorsogon, were gathered through observation and interviews. Using Covar’s Pilipinohiya and the banga (jar) metaphor of Filipino personhood—labas (outer self), loob (inner self), and lalim (spiritual depth)—the study analyzes the cultural and social meanings embedded in the stories. Bascom’s classification of folk narratives also guided the identification of their functions within the community. Findings reveal that Spanish colonial influences and indigenous spirituality shape the legends surrounding the Nabontogan Bell. These oral traditions serve as forms of entertainment and as tools for moral instruction, cultural affirmation, and social cohesion. They embody core Filipino values, including kapwa, bayanihan, reverence for elders, environmental stewardship, and strong spiritual faith. Transmitted across generations, the narratives help sustain cultural identity and continuity. The study also highlights the potential of integrating folklore into educational materials to enhance literacy and cultural awareness. Ultimately, the Nabontogan Bell narrative preserves a vital piece of local heritage and contributes to the formation of community identity and cultural education.