Traditional Conflict Resolution in the Era of Globalization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2026.266Keywords:
Globalization, Indigenous conflict resolution, RitualsAbstract
This study explored the indigenous conflict resolution practices of Kibungan, Benguet, amid globalization's influence. Specifically, it examined how barangay officials and indigenous representatives described traditional mechanisms, how globalization affected these practices, and what strategies were employed to preserve and adapt them. Using a qualitative multi-site case study design, the research used semi-structured interviews with six key cultural experts, such as elders, local leaders, and members of the Lupon Tagapamayapa with specialized knowledge of indigenous mediation processes. Purposive sampling ensured that respondents were directly involved in, or recognized for, their expertise in cultural practices. Data collection was conducted in selected barangays of Kibungan, namely Sagpat, Poblacion, and Madaymen, with the researcher securing permissions from local government units and indigenous councils. Thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework was employed to identify recurring themes, including the role of rituals (sabosab, manmanok, bunong, ngilin, and pugog) as integral components of reconciliation and justice. Findings revealed that conflict resolution in Kibungan was not merely a social process but also a spiritual and symbolic one, emphasizing closure, healing, and community cohesion. Despite external pressures brought by globalization, these practices demonstrated resilience and adaptability, highlighting their continued relevance in contemporary governance and community life. This study contributes to the preservation of intangible cultural heritage and offers insights into alternative justice models that prioritize reconciliation, cultural sensitivity, and collective responsibility. It also provides practical implications for policy-making, education, and community development, ensuring that indigenous voices remain central in navigating globalization.
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