Successes and Struggles: Evaluating the Effectiveness and Challenges of Project Libongkid’s Family Centered Reintegration for NPA Remnants in Talaingod, Davao del Norte

Abstract

This paper studies Project Libongkid, a reintegration program of the 56th Infantry Battalion of the Philippine Army that draws on the rich culture of the Talaingod Manobo—especially kinship ties and respect for elders—to encourage remaining NPA members hiding in the hinterlands of Talaingod, Davao del Norte, to surrender. For over fifty years, the Communist Party of the Philippines–New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) has used Indigenous marginalization and poverty to continue its armed struggle. Despite government efforts to suppress the insurgency, the NPA still recruits from vulnerable Indigenous communities. Using quantitative data from 170 respondents—including 80 former rebels, 80 of their families, and 10 community leaders—this study assesses the effectiveness of Project Libongkid in promoting peaceful surrender and reintegration. Statistical analysis used frequencies, percentages, and means to summarize data. Chi-square tests were used to assess relationships between categorical variables and project effectiveness, Spearman’s Rho was used to determine correlations for ordinal variables, and ANOVA was used to examine differences in problem seriousness across respondent groups. The project was rated highly effective in reducing recruitment, reuniting families, and building trust between marginalized communities and the government. Its success was rooted in strengthening family ties, respecting local culture, and providing support for livelihoods. However, challenges such as threats from active NPA members and limited resources persisted, with women facing greater risks related to safety and stigma. Additionally, the study found that former rebels and their families rated the program more positively than community leaders, indicating that direct experience had a significant influence on perceptions of effectiveness. Respondents from low-income households also found the project more beneficial due to its livelihood support and family reunification efforts. These results underscore the importance of inclusive, community-based peace efforts, particularly among Indigenous groups.