Correlation of Awareness and Perceived Compliance with Six-Month Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Teenage Mothers in a Government Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69569/jip.2026.251Keywords:
Exclusive breastfeeding, Teenage mothers, Government hospital, PhilippinesAbstract
Extensive research has consistently highlighted the significant advantages of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants. As a result, promoting exclusive breastfeeding has been a cornerstone of healthcare initiatives in Philippine government hospitals. This study assesses the perceived level of compliance among teenage mothers aged 15-19 who delivered at a government hospital in the Province of Misamis Oriental, Philippines. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Survey participants included teenage mothers within the specified age range who gave birth at the hospital. The study also drew on interviews and documents from selected hospital staff to enrich and validate the findings. The study finds that many mothers struggle to initiate breastfeeding, highlighting the pivotal role of self-encouragement in fostering and sustaining this practice. Moreover, factors such as age, family income, and educational background significantly impact the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding and its subsequent effects on infants. Specifically, older mothers with higher educational attainment and better financial resources demonstrate greater awareness and adherence to exclusive breastfeeding practices, underscoring the importance of education in promoting breastfeeding knowledge. Based on these findings, the study recommends strengthening awareness and adherence through breastfeeding advocacy efforts. These recommendations aim to address the identified challenges and create a more supportive environment for teenage mothers to embrace and sustain exclusive breastfeeding.
Downloads
References
Adewale, A.R. (2011). Maternal knowledge and attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 40(2), 123–130.
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2005). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics, 115(2), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2491
Anderson, A.K., Johnson, A., & Remley, D.T. (1999). Breastfeeding practices among teenage mothers. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24(3), 165–170.
Aryeetey, R.N.O., & Goh, Y.Y. (2013). Duration of exclusive breastfeeding and subsequent child feeding adequacy. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2013, Article 543245.
Blake, R.L. (1989). Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods in research. Social Science & Medicine, 28(9), 1021–1025.
Chatman, L.M., Salihu, H.M., Roofe, M.E., Jolly, P.E., Wheatle, P., & Ehiri, J.E. (2004). Influence of knowledge and attitudes on exclusive breastfeeding practice among mothers. Journal of Human Lactation, 20(3), 304–312.
Chatman, L.M., Salihu, H.M., Roofe, M.E., et al. (2011). Maternal anxiety and breastfeeding outcomes. Journal of Human Lactation, 27(1), 50–58.
Cooke, M., Sheehan, A., & Schmied, V. (2011). A description of the relationship between breastfeeding experiences and breastfeeding outcomes. International Breastfeeding Journal, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-6-8
Dinour, L.M., & Szaro, J.M. (2017). Employer-based programs to support breastfeeding among working mothers: A systematic review. Breastfeeding Medicine, 12(3), 131–141.
Galler, J.R., Harrison, R.H., Ramsey, F., Butler, S.C., & Forde, V. (2011). Maternal attitudes toward breastfeeding and child health outcomes. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 32(4), 281–289.
Gatti, L. (2008). Maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply in breastfeeding. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 40(4), 355–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00234.x
Greene, J.C., Caracelli, V.J., & Graham, W.F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3), 255–274.
Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, X.-Y., & Zeng, T.-Y. (2022). The rates and factors of perceived insufficient milk supply: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 18(1), e13255. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13255
Inch, S. (2010). Breastfeeding: A guide for the medical profession. Elsevier.
Ingram, J., Woolridge, M., & Greenwood, R. (2011). Breastfeeding experiences and continuation rates. Midwifery, 27(6), 870–876.
Johnson, S.M. (2014). Breastfeeding initiation among teenage mothers. Journal of Student Nursing Research, 3(2).
Kaewsarn, P., & Moyle, W. (2000). Breastfeeding duration and influencing factors. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18(2), 15–21.
Kronborg, H., & Væth, M. (2004). The influence of psychosocial factors on the duration of breastfeeding. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 32(3), 210–216.
Leung, A.K.C., & Sauvé, R.S. (2005). Breastfeeding and maternal nutrition. American Family Physician, 71(12), 2253–2256.
McKinney, E.S., James, S.R., Murray, S.S., & Ashwill, J.W. (2011). Maternal-child nursing (4th ed.). Elsevier.
Moore, E.R., & Coty, M.B. (2005). Prenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and support. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 34(4), 428–436.
Okamoto, Y., & Matsuoka, M. (2010). Maternal stress and infant crying behavior. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 25(5), 410–416.
Owens, J. (2008). Feeding infants with cleft lip and palate. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 23(3), 213–218.
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2014). Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey 2013.
Rollins, N., Bhandari, N., Hajeebhoy, N., Horton, S., Lutter, C., Martines, J., Piwoz, E., Richter, L., & Victora, C. (2016). Why invest, and what it will take to improve breastfeeding practices? The Lancet, 387(10017), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01044-2
Sharma, I., & Byrne, A. (2016). Early initiation of breastfeeding: A systematic literature review of factors and barriers in South Asia. International Breastfeeding Journal, 11(17), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13006-016-0076-7
Sinha, B., Chowdhury, R., Sankar, M.J., Martines, J., Taneja, S., Mazumder, S., Rollins, N., Bahl, R., & Bhandari, N. (2015). Interventions to improve breastfeeding outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica, 104(467), 114–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13127
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research. Sage Publications.
UNICEF Philippines. (n.d.). Breastfeeding data in the Philippines.
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2011). Infant and young child feeding: Programming guide. UNICEF.
Victora, C., Bahl, R., Barros, A., França, G., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., Murch, S., Sankar, M.J., Walker, N., & Rollins, N. (2016). Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet, 387(10017), 475–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
Wambach, K.A., & Cohen, S.M. (2009). Breastfeeding experiences of urban adolescent mothers. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 24(4), 244–254.
World Health Organization. (2010). Guidelines on HIV and infant feeding 2010. WHO Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Interdisciplinary Perspectives

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
JIP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Under the Open Access Policy, appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article.

