The Multifaceted Roles and Challenges of Public Health Nurses in Caring Tuberculosis Patients: Community-based TB Management

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is considered one of the pressing global health challenges. The Philippines ranks fourth worldwide in TB cases. TB remains one of the leading causes of death in the country, which calls for urgent and emergent proper care management of TB patients. In most cases, TB can be managed effectively and efficiently within the community, except in instances where treatment-related complications arise, necessitating hospitalization. The study examines the multifaceted roles, challenges, responsibilities, and difficulties of PHNs in managing TB patients in District 2 and District 3 of Laguna Province, Philippines. A quantitative, descriptive comparative research design was utilized, involving 63 PHNs who responded to a self-developed questionnaire. Three experts validated the instrument and pilot-tested it to ensure its reliability. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, mean formula, standard deviation, Cronbach's Alpha, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests. The findings reveal that PHNs in both districts effectively adhered to their roles as TB patient care nurses, showing a strong commitment to patient management and disease control. However, they face considerable challenges, including fears of contracting TB, patient non-compliance, and inadequate medical resources. Despite these challenges, the study found no significant differences in perceived difficulties when grouped by age, sex, or years of experience. This research underscores the urgent need for increased support, resources, and protective measures for PHNs to tackle TB more effectively. Addressing these challenges is vital to achieving SDG 3, Good health and well-being worldwide good health, promoting healthy lifestyles, preventive measures, and modern, efficient healthcare for everyone, and the context of this study addressed SDG 3 targets a 90% reduction in TB deaths by 2030.